Chrysanthemumis a genus of herbaceous flowering plant in the Asteraceae kinfolk native to Asia .
Commonly known as “ mom , ” these plants develop in full sunshine to part nicety with rich , moist , slightly acidic , well - debilitate soil . blossom times vary from late summer to late dip .
The flower channelise dwell of center disc floret surrounded by beam florets , which are commonly concern to as flower petal . They vagabond from one to eight inch in diameter in colors including burgundy , orange , pink , empurpled , yellow , red , and white .
Photo by Bay Area Chrysanthemum Society, Wikimedia Commons, viaCC BY-SA.
Mature dimension of the plant are 12 to 36 inches with a spread of 12 to 48 inches .
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In the fall , Farmer ’ markets and grocery stores extend decorative “ florist ” mums , intended to be arise as holiday interior decoration and cast away of after blossom .
Photo by Bay Area Chrysanthemum Society, Wikimedia Commons, viaCC BY-SA.
These plants have precisely round form and few “ runner , ” or horizontal runners . They are hardy in Zones 7 to 9 , and gardener elsewhere raise them as annuals .
glasshouse convey hardy or “ garden ” mums in the spring for pot up or planting out in the garden . These are the chrysanthemums normally grown in the landscape and are hardy in Zones 4 to 9 .
Both florist and garden mums areChrysanthemumxmorifoliumhybrids . The single we see at the store have castrate petals with a drop appearance classified as “ Decorative . ”
Other types are generally grown commercially for the cut flower manufacture or exhibit at botanical garden .
Ourguide to growing chrysanthemumshas all you need to know to grow and worry for these plants in your landscape .
This guide discusses 13 classifications the National Chrysanthemum Society have established to further the genus , support growers , and go down international standards for competitive cultivation .
Here ’s the lineup :
13 Chrysanthemum Classes
There are approximately 20,000 cultivated motley of chrysanthemum worldwide .
“ Spray ” type have multiple efflorescence per bow , while “ standard ” varieties have a individual bloom .
Growers advance plants to bring forth one large flower per stem with a technique call “ disbudding , ” which involves removing the side shoot of a atomizer to bring forth a single blush on the main stem .
In China , the chrysanthemum is one of the “ Four valet , ” or “ Four Noble Plants . ” It symbolizes life force , pertinacity , prosperity , and felicity . Yellow mixed bag feature conspicuously in New Year ’s celebrations .
It is Japan ’s national bloom , representing longevity , luck , and nobility , and is displayed prominently during the early fall Festival of Happiness .
The chrysanthemum is one of the “ Four Gracious Plants ” of Korea , symbolizing luck , seniority , and joy . It is a popular flower for arrangements and festival .
Here in the United States , this autumn showstopper is a staple fibre in landscape interior decoration featuring a harvest root word complete withpumpkins , hayrick , corn still hunt , and brilliant leafage .
The National Chrysanthemum Society has organize garden type based on the physical attributes of the bloom . Let ’s search each class :
1. Irregular Incurve
Irregular incurves have six- to eight - inch blossom atop four - foot stalks , and these are the largest of all the varieties .
Most petals curve upward , obscuring the inwardness , while the outmost ones dangle loosely like a skirt .
They are well - bang in botanical garden circles and among outside competitors who undertake the challenge of create an “ ozukuri , ” or “ thousand blossom ” display in which they direct one stem to produce a noggin of evenly space peak . It is a spectacular mess to see !
Specialty growers “ disbud ” the flora , removing all side shoots to reach a sturdy exclusive stem with one bloom .
Plants may reach two feet tall and ask jeopardize . Bloom time is mid - dusk .
2. Reflex
Reflex form have overlapping flower petal that curve downward and resemble superimposed bird feathers . The flower have more or less flattened height and measure four to six inch across .
plant are develop as “ disbuds ” that reach a acme of three to four foundation and blossom in early fall .
3. Regular Incurve
Regular incurve type have compact flower heads with rounded petal that curve inwards to create a slow domain .
They mensurate four to six inches across on stems up to three feet magniloquent .
Cultivars in this class are often cry football mammy . They blossom in mid - fall , and require post . Disbudding yields one bloom per stem .
4. Decorative
ornamental type have upper flower petal that curve upward and lower petals that flex rearward .
These are the most common types deal as florist miscellany for growing as annuals as well as the perennial garden types for the landscape .
Florets measure one to four inch across , depend on the cultivar . fledged height are one to three feet . Bloom time is early to late season .
The Hardy Fall Mums Variety Pack contains two chrysanthemum in container measuring 12 in in diameter and 10 inches grandiloquent . ripe elevation are one to three feet .
They are befit to polish in Zones 5 to 9 .
Hardy Fall Mums Variety Pack
Select two yellow , two red , or one Bolshevik and one yellow-bellied .
The Hardy Fall Mums Variety Pack isavailable from Perfect Plants .
you may also find orange hardy chrysanthemumavailable from Home Depotin eight - inch agriculturist ’s pile .
5. Intermediate Incurve
average incurves have petals that curve part for a flatten , spherical essence and looser center .
The peak are small than the larger incurve specimens , measuring four to six inches . The three- to four - foundation - improbable stem turn postulate support .
Plants are grown as disbuds and efflorescence early to mid - season .
6. Pompon
Pompons bloom in mid - fall . The flowers are flat when they spread but become entirely rotund as they senesce , with no distinguishable shopping center .
Incurve and reflexive petals form the rounded shape .
There are atomiser with multiple one - in “ button ” pommy or single - stemmed plants with globular peak measuring four inches across .
The turgid single blooms are achieved by disbudding , so if you develop these in the garden the efflorescence may be smaller .
Pompon variety do not command staking and are wonderfulcutting gardenflowers . They bloom mid - time of year .
7. Single and Semi-Double
Hardy repeated unmarried and semi - double are the most daisy - the likes of in appearance , with a gist magnetic disk fence by one to seven rows of rays measuring two to three inches across .
They often appear in cascading flowered displays .
Mature top are one to three feet , and bloom clock time is mid - fall .
8. Anemone
Anemone types have a striking elevate center of attention disk like a pincushion surrounded by rays . The flush head measure two to six inches across .
Anemone types flower mid - season . Like single and semi - threefold chrysanthemum , they grow to heights of one to three foot , and will postulate staking .
9. Spoon
spoonful types have multiple layers of upwards - facing , cupped petals resembling spoons circumvent a nerve centre disc .
The blossoms are two to four inches across , rod atop two- to three - metrical foot stems , and require no staking . Bloom clip is mid - season .
‘ Matchsticks ’ is a riot of people of colour with yellow flower petal , the undecided bakshis in bright redness , cater a smart autumn display .
‘ Matchsticks ’
you may feel ‘ Matchsticks ’ plantsavailable at Burpee .
10. Quill
Quill varieties are “ full double , ” with the most petals of any type of chrysanthemum and a closed center .
The petals are tubular with either a closed , point peak or an assailable one , like the quill of a feather pen .
Quills are in general grown as disbuds . The peak mensurate two to six inches across , and mature heights are two to three foot . Bloom time is mid - fall .
11. Spider
Spiders , aka Fujis , have slender , tubular petals with open steer that hook or Robert F. Curl at the ends like the tree branch of a gangly arachnid .
spider are broadly grows as disbuds for mown flower redolence . Flower heads measure four to six inches across . plant life bloom in mid to late autumn .
12. Brush and Thistle
The flower petal of encounter and thistle types are narrow and thread - like . The prime head evaluate two to four inch across .
Some have petals that sprain and protrude haphazardly and may reveal the center phonograph recording .
Others point up , parallel to the stem , and slightly fanned out , like an artist ’s well - used paintbrush . They bloom in mid - dip .
13. Unusual
strange is the catch - all category for efflorescence forms that do n’t fit neatly into the other 12 categorisation .
These types often exhibit a compounding of characteristics or all different ones .
Many a Mum
As a floral designer , I ’ve worked with varieties ranging from button pompons to hand - sized spider .
Every October I trek to the local woodlet for pots overflowing with russets , yellows , and lavender .
Whether you enjoy cut stem in a vase , potted yearly for the autumn season , or a yearly thrill of repeated color , chrysanthemum have much to pop the question with their rich palette of colors , forms , and sizing .
If you found this clause informative andwant to register more about chrysanthemums , we recommend the following guides next :
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