The nation of India expand more than 1 million square stat mi , most of which is under use by humans . Sixty - one pct of India ’s body politic aerofoil is used for agriculture , accord to the Gapminder Foundation . With such a large area under cultivation , farmers have had to adapt to a broad image of soil types and surroundings . Indian agriculture takes lieu anywhere from flood plain stitch to deserts and peck .

Alluvial Soils

This type of soil is common in Northern India , particularly in the delta region . Alluvial soils are deposited by rivers and are productive in some nutrient ( particularly potash and humus ) , but are miss in nitrogen and phosphorous . They tend to be sandier and quicker - draining than many other soils . Rice , wheat , Saccharum officinarum , cotton and jute all raise well in these soils .

Black Soils

Black soil gets its color from various salts or from hommos . It contain a large amount of cadaver , but is arenaceous as well in hillier regions . This soil contains temperate amounts of phosphorous but is poor in nitrogen . This type of soil is also used for rice , wheat , sugarcane and cotton . It is to boot used to grow groundnut , millet and oilseeds .

Desert Soils

Desert soils are flaxen and dry . They do contain N , but are suitable for agribusiness only if there is a sufficient urine supply . in general only drought - resistant crops such as barley and millet can rise in this type of soil .

Laterite Soils

These soils are discover in sphere of India with heavy rainfall , in particular near the coast . It is an acidic soil and is rich in Fe , which yield the stain a reasonably red appearance . It is used to raise more tropical crops such as cashew , rubber , coconut palm , tea leaf and coffee .

Mountain Soils

These soils are found in the Himalayas and check important sum of organic subject . They are somewhat acidic , but suited for growing teatime , coffee , spices and many types of tropical fruit .

Red and Yellow Soils

Red and yellow soils get their name calling from the very large amount of money of iron oxide present in them . They are sandy and passably acidic , and are also low in nitrogen and phosphoric . Despite this , red and yellow land are used to develop rice , wheat , sugarcane , millet , groundnut , coracan and spud .

Other Soils

There are various other types of soil in India , but none of them is suitable for develop crops . Saline and alkaline soils are too low in nutrients and too in high spirits in salt for productive agriculture . Marsh soil are likewise bad , but principally because of their high acidity .

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