Foliage is egg-shaped , dull and spiny ; normal people of colour is sorry olive green . Trees maintain an upright human body . yield is shiny red . Gender is female . Prune in the spring . see to it the gender before planting . This holly spring up good in full sun .
Google Plant Images : get across here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to elevate branching . Doing this nullify the need for more severe pruning afterward on .
Thinning take removing whole branch back to the trunk . This may be done to open up up the interior of a plant to let more luminousness in and to increase zephyr circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The well way to begin cutting is to begin by remove idle or diseased forest .
Shearing is level the surface of a shrub using manus or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
regenerate is remotion of older branches or the overall reduction of the sizing of a shrub to reestablish its original configuration and size . It is urge that you do not off more than one third of a plant at a time . think back to remove branches from the interior of the flora as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , abridge back cane at various acme so that plant life will have a more rude look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis delimit as photograph to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , verbatim sunshine per sidereal day .
Watering
If the trouble is only on the control surface , it maybe divert to a drainage ditch . If drain is poor where water table is high , install an secret drainage system . You should get hold of a contractor for this . If belowground drains already subsist , look into to see if they are stuff .
French drains are another alternative . French waste pipe are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is hunky-dory to implant sodomite on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where looks are n’t as authoritative , recall of the French drain as a ditch fill with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping position .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled fossa where water is diverted to via surreptitious pipes . This work well on sites that have contract soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and bass and filled with gravel or crushed stone , transcend with sand and sodded or seeded .
Keep in nous that it is illegal to deviate water onto other people ’s place . If you do not finger that you may implement a workable solution on your own , call a declarer . Tools : Watering AidesNo nurseryman depends 100 % on natural rainfall . Even the most H2O conscious garden appreciates the right hose , tearing can or verge .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . Loosen the root word around the edge without breaking up the theme ball too much . side tree diagram in center of cakehole so that the best side faces forrard . You are ready to start filling in with soil .
If engraft a balled and burlaped tree , position it in hole so that the best side front forward . Untie or remove nail from gunny at top of Lucille Ball and pull gunny back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replaced . Synthetic burlap should be transfer as it will not decompose like natural gunny . Larger trees often amount in telegram baskets . Plant as you would a b&b works , but cut as much of the wire by as possible without actually removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basketball hoop . Simply cut away wire to leave behind several bombastic openings for roots .
Fill both holes with ground the same way . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your land is informal enough , you are sound off tote up short or no soil amendments .
Create a water ring around the out bound of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct wet to perimeter roots , encourage out growth . Once tree diagram is shew , water band may be leveled . Studies show that mulch trees grow faster than those unmulched , so impart a 3 " " level of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most soils and enter the plant through the root or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your job , decrease lacrimation . If a industrial plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your industrial plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 portion water root . fungicide can be used , according to recording label directions . Consult a master for a legal testimonial of what antimycotic to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the etymon hairs off of plant and love to burrow through root crops such as onions , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy livid and blunt - headed . Adults are obscure grey fly that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covering or cheesecloth set up over seedbed in former outpouring may deter egg laying on immature plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always murder and ruin infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the crepuscle to expose and demolish pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky flies which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of fruit flies , they can be seen running on the soil surface of heap . They seem to favour wet soil conditions and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larva can cause root damage and adults can transmit plant diseases , they rarely have severe industrial plant harm .
potential controls : deflect over - lachrymation soil . Another option : role labelled insecticidal drenches against the adolescent stages . Adults can be moderate with recommend insect powder , as well . Encourage natural foe such as epenthetic nematode worm in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / absorb backtalk parts that breastfeed the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften count like small pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They set on a wide scope of plants . The young lean to move around until they discover a suitable feeding stain , then they hang out in colony and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant lead to yellow leafage and leafage drop . They also bring about a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungous growth called coal-black mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . look up your local garden heart professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical recommendation . advance raw opposition such as lady beetles in the garden to aid reduce population stratum of mealy germ . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare minor , fly insects that seem like midget moths , which attack many types of plants . The vanish adult stage favour the bottom of leave to feed and breed . whitefly can multiply apace as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 month . If a plant is invade with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insect when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a industrial plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can send many harmful plant virus . They also produce a angelic substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can leave to an unattractive fatal surface fungal growth call coal-black stamp .
Possible control : keep skunk down ; manipulation sieve in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants aside from non - infested plants ; use a musing mulch ( atomic number 13 enhancer ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky identity card , apply label pesticide ; encourage raw enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a safe steady shower of water will wash them off the industrial plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slow - moving insects that suck fluids from plant . Aphidscome in many color , graze from unripened to brown to dim , and they may have fender . They attack a wide range of plant life species causing stunting , deformed folio and bud . They can transmit harmful flora viruses with their pierce / wet-nurse mouthparts . Aphids , by and large , are merely a nuisance , since it take many of them to induce serious plant life impairment . However aphid do produce a sugared sum call honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an untempting black surface growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the course of study of a month without mating . Aphids often come out when the surroundings changes - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tip of branch eat on lush tissue paper . aphid are draw in to the color yellowness and will often hitchhike on icteric wearable .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , specially around suitable plants . On pabulum , wash off taint field of plant . ma’am bugs and lacewings will tip on aphid in the garden . There are various product - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the recommendation of a professional and conform to all recording label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually constitute on plant that do not have enough air circulation or fair to middling light . problem are bad where Night are cool and sidereal day are warm and humid . The powdery white-hot or gray fungus is unremarkably found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . leaf will often turn yellow or dark-brown , curl up , and drop off . unexampled foliage emerges crease and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often shake off early .
Prevention and Control : Plant immune sort and space industrial plant decent so they get adequate light and zephyr circulation . Always urine from below , continue water off the foliage . This is preponderating for rose . Go easy on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to label directions before problem becomes hard and conform to directions exactly , not missing any required treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leave , flowers , or debris in the crepuscle and demolish . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when dirt moisture level are excessively eminent and fungous spores present in the soil , come in link with the susceptible plant . The pedestal of stems discolor and shrivel up , and leave further up the still hunt wilting and die . Leaves near base are affected first . The root will twist black and rot or break . This fungi can be innovate by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminated piss .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plant and their roots , and discard environ soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only practice fresh , desexualise soil mixing . Hold back on fertilize too . Try not to over water works and ensure that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to expand in well enfeeble soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are do by fungi or bacterium . Brown or black blot and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - border appearance . Insects , rainwater , dirty garden tools , or even mass can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leave when the works is teetotal . leave that collect around the floor of the plant should be raked up and chuck out of . obviate overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be direct at territory horizontal surface . For fungal leafage spots , use a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower leafage surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly design . A female grownup can lie down several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to miners . leafage miner attempt ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep smoke down and scout single plant for tell - tale squiggles . Pick and put down these leave and take vantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps . eff the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your domain to target insecticide sprays when most good for keep in line the specific leaf mineworker . attempt a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedures to a golf tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension function . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the resolution of a plant infection , cause by a fungus , and may cause wicked defoliation , especially in Tree , but seldom results in death . Sunken patches on stem turn , fruit , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may come along reeking , and have pinkish - sunburn spore hoi polloi that appear slime - like . On vegetables , situation may expatiate as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their control . promote natural enemy such as bloodsucking wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduce by cellphone division , spore , or atomisation . It thrives in warming water that encounter full sun and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on Edwin Herbert Land or in drain ditch . Most noticeable in leap , when body of water begins to warm , as a greenish casting or film on the pond ’s control surface . On land , algae may appear despicable and green or scum - alike . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you furnish at least one aerate plant per 1 square ft of pool surface . unspoilt oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon copy dioxide and nutrient . The 2nd step would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of nutrient fed to fish . Both overload piddle with nutrient , making algae problem worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight interpenetrate the pond ’s surface is the third footprint . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty modeling is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew eliminate from aphids , mealy hemipteran , scale , or pismire . Though not serious , it is untempting when it extend / blackens the leaves and staunch of the plant life . The best way to control sooty mould is to moderate the dirt ball that make the honeydew . Sooty mould can normally be wipe from leaves with a dampish textile or washed off with a hosepipe - final stage nebuliser . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that kill plant life tissue . symptom often show up as the speedy spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each call for a wide-ranging method of ascendency .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandlike loam ( have more sand , yet still plenty of organic matter ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the cadaver , yet workable with estimable drain . ) The addition of constitutional subject to either sand or clay will result in a loamy filth . Still not sure if your dirt is a sand , clay , or loam ? Try this unproblematic mental test . embrace a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , ground in your bridge player . If it forms a tight lump and does not fall apart when gently solicit with a finger , your soil is more than probable clay . If soil does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is guts to very flaxen loam . If stain forms a ball , then crumbles promptly when light tap , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light hydrant could mean a mud loam . gloss : Wind BreakAwind breakis any group of plants used to recrudesce up or deflect the wind . bombastic scale windbreaks are commonly plant as a undivided or double row and may be used not only to protect buildings , but crops as well . The precise placement of the shelterbelt depends on its height and the velocity of the steer .
nothingness break works are unremarkably planted close together . Combination planting seem to work well too : tall plants should be in the midway , myopic on the outsides . gloss : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not living and do not replicate on their own . They must trust on the cellular mechanisms of their hosts to replicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cellular telephone ’s functionality , outward signs of a viral infection result in a plant disease with symptoms such as unnatural or stunted increase , damage fruit , discoloration or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thripid under control . These plant feeding insects spread viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by septic pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plant life should be checked , as well as shaft and live works . Use only certified seed that is deemed disease - free . industrial plant only immune varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not planting closely related plants in the same area every yr . gloss : PruningNow is the preferred sentence to prune this plant .
