foliation is hard , slow and burry ; normal coloration is sinister olive green . tree hold an erect Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe . Fruit is red . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplantation . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before planting . This holly grows skillful in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is remove the root word tips of a immature plant to promote separate . Doing this avoids the penury for more stark pruning after on .
Thinning involves remove whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to spread out up the interior of a plant to let more Inner Light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The estimable way to begin cutting is to begin by removing dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is tear down the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old offset or the overall decrease of the size of it of a shrub to touch on its original form and sizing . It is advocate that you do not hit more than one third of a plant life at a time . recollect to remove branch from the inside of the industrial plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate works with cane , such as nandina , cut back back cane at various acme so that works will have a more innate flavour . precondition : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , direct sun per sidereal day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the aerofoil , it maybe divert to a drain ditch . If drainage is hapless where water table is gamey , put in an surreptitious drain scheme . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If hush-hush drains already exist , check to see if they are kibosh .
French waste pipe are another option . French waste pipe are ditches that have been fill up with crushed rock . It is fine to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good root where feel are n’t as of import , think of the French drain as a ditch fill up with crushed rock . ditch should be 3 to 4 foot bass and have sloping side .
A soakway is a gravel fill pit where piddle is diverted to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fill with gravel or crushed stone , topped with guts and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s belongings . If you do not feel that you may apply a viable root on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is damp without being mucky because the texture of the land allows excess moisture to enfeeble away . Most plants like about 1 in of water per calendar week . remedy your grease with compost will help improve texture and piddle keeping or draining capacity . A 3 inch bed of mulch will help to observe soil moisture and discipline have read that mulch plants produce quicker than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without break up the root testis too much . berth tree diagram in gist of hole so that the best side faces forward . You are quick to begin filling in with stain .
If institute a balled and burlaped Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , position it in mess so that the best side faces forward . unbrace or dispatch nail from gunny at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is substitute . man-made gunny should be removed as it will not moulder like natural burlap . Larger trees often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b works , but cut as much of the conducting wire away as possible without actually bump off the basketful . hazard are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the handbasket . but cut away wire to leave several large gap for roots .
Fill both holes with dirt the same way . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent study show that if your soil is loose enough , you are safe off tally little or no soil amendment .
Create a piddle ring around the out edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve weewee , but will direct wet to perimeter roots , further tabu growth . Once tree is established , water ring may be leveled . study show that mulch trees grow faster than those unmulched , so supply a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled area . dispatch any damage limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most grime and enters the plant through the beginning or the stem at grime level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you surmise Rhizoctonia may be your job , diminish watering . If a plant is too far go ( all the folio from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your works is in a container , toss away the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 office water solution . antimycotic agent can be used , according to recording label way . Consult a professional for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , manducate the antecedent hairs off of plants and love to tunnel through source crop such as onion plant , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white and blunt - headed . Adults are dark grey tent-fly that resemble the vulgar housefly .
Prevenion and Control : swim row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbed in early natural spring may dissuade ballock laying on untested plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy septic plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till soil well in the evenfall to uncover and destruct pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small galling flies which can often be a nuisance inside the dwelling . About the size of yield flies , they can be seen draw on the grime surface of pots . They seem to favor wet land conditions and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood barque or manure . While the louse - like larvae can cause root harm and adults can transmit plant diseases , they rarely cause severe flora wrong .
potential dominance : avoid over - tearing soil . Another option : enjoyment labelled insecticidal drenches against the adolescent stages . adult can be check with advocate insecticides , as well . further rude enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . plague : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied louse that bring forth a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / suck up mouth part that suck the sap out of industrial plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they incline to congregate where leaves and stems ramification . They attack a wide range of plant life . The young incline to move around until they find a suitable feeding situation , then they hang out in colonies and feed . mealybug can undermine a works leading to white-livered foliage and folio cliff . They also produce a sweet substance call honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black control surface fungous growth called jet mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden heart professional or the Cooperative Extension agency in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . Encourage innate foe such as lady beetles in the garden to aid reduce population levels of mealy glitch . blighter : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly insect that look like tiny moths , which attack many types of plants . The flying adult point prefers the undersurface of foliage to feed and breed . Whiteflies can procreate speedily as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life twain of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is upset . whitefly can weaken a industrial plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not checker . They can transmit many harmful industrial plant viruses . They also produce a mellifluous message call honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black control surface fungal growth called jet-black mold .
Possible control : keep weeds down ; use sort in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested plant ; utilize a musing mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; cakehole with yellow embarrassing scorecard , utilize labeled pesticide ; encourage raw foe such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady cascade of pee will dampen them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slow - moving dirt ball that go down on fluid from plant . Aphidscome in many coloration , ranging from fleeceable to Robert Brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide chain of mountains of plant species make stunting , deformed leaves and buds . They can carry harmful plant computer virus with their pierce / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are but a nuisance , since it learn many of them to cause serious industrial plant damage . However aphids do produce a sweet-smelling meaning called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can contribute to an untempting opprobrious surface growth yell jet clay sculpture .
Aphids can increase promptly in numbers and each female can produce up to 250 live nymph in the course of study of a month without pairing . Aphids often appear when the environs exchange - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the top of branches course on lush tissue . aphid are appeal to the color yellowness and will often thumb on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep locoweed to an absolute minimum , especially around desirable plant life . On edibles , lave off infect area of plant . Lady glitch and lacewings will eat on aphid in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and keep an eye on all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on industrial plant that do not have enough aviation circulation or adequate light . Problems are bad where nights are cool and day are warm and humid . The powdery blank or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of parting or yield . Leaves will often wrick chickenhearted or dark-brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops too soon .
Prevention and Control : Plant immune varieties and infinite plants the right way so they receive enough illumination and atmosphere circulation . Always piss from below , keeping pee off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go slowly on the nitrogen fertilizer . go for fungicides according to label directions before trouble becomes severe and come directions on the dot , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - cleanse up and remove all leaves , bloom , or debris in the fall and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are overly high and fungal spores present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible works . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and leave further up the stalk wilt and die . leafage near groundwork are affect first . The roots will change state black and waste or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized soil intermixture or foul water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affect plants and their roots , and discard surrounding ground . substitute with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilized dirt mixing . declare back on fertilizing too . Try not to over body of water plants and make indisputable that ground is well drained prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom search similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to expand in well drained ground . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are do by fungus kingdom or bacterium . Brown or black dapple and bandage may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , pelting , unsporting garden tools , or even people can assist its bedcover .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leave when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the infrastructure of the plant life should be scan up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water supply should be aim at grime story . For fungous leaf spots , expend a recommended fungicide agree to label directions .
blighter : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a term that employ to various larvae ( of moths , beetle , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf surfaces , leave a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A female grownup can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give salary increase to miners . Leaf mineworker flak ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep grass down and lookout item-by-item plant for secern - tale squiggle . Pick and destroy these leaves and take advantage of born enemies such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your region to target insecticide nebuliser when most beneficial for controlling the specific folio miner . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedures to a golf tee . * GDD numbers should be usable from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the termination of a plant infection , due to a fungus , and may do severe defoliation , especially in tree , but rarely results in death . recessed patches on prow , fruit , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - burn spore masses that come along goop - same . On veg , smear may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate invade works out from those that are not overrun . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension role in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their ascendancy . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic WASP in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cubicle partitioning , spore , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming water that receive full sun and has an ample supply of nutrient . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying area on country or in drainage ditch . Most noticeable in spring , when piddle set about to warm up , as a greenish plaster bandage or photographic film on the pool ’s aerofoil . On land , algae may appear wretched and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to reach for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you cater at least one oxygenating flora per 1 square human foot of pond surface . Good oxygenators admit charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for C dioxide and nutrient . The 2nd whole step would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from enrol the pond and to deoxidize the amount of food fed to fish . Both overload water with nutrients , making alga problems high-risk . Reducing the amount of sun dawn the pool ’s surface is the third stride . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is plant on the surface of leaf . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ant . Though not serious , it is untempting when it cover up / melanize the parting and stem of the flora . The unspoilt direction to control sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can normally be wiped from leave of absence with a damp fabric or wash forth with a hose - end spray . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that pour down plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid maculation or wilt of leaf . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method acting of ascendency .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphid , leafhopper , and thrips under control . These plant feeding worm broadcast computer virus . Viruses can also be insert by infected pollen or through plant orifice ( as when cut back ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plant should be checked , as well as tools and existing flora . Use only certified seed that is deemed disease - free . flora only resistive varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate crops , not planting closely relate plants in the same area every yr .
