Double whitened corolla with sepals of red . These are very various plant , they can be train to field goal , tree , espaliers , pillar , and trellises . Fuchsias fly high in a temperate clime with wet or humidity . industrial plant east or north of your construction . Some sun , filtered or scores of light . Mulch heavy where winters are cold . Prune back numb or broken ramification in spring , especially on plant life that were exit outside in areas with balmy winters . Cooler summertime temperatures make Fuchsias a favorite for the Pacific Northwest .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will observe that sun and shade patterns change during the day . The westerly side of a mansion may even be fly-by-night due to shadows hurtle by large trees or a structure from an next belongings . If you have just bought a new household or just beginning to garden in your older home , take time to map sun and shade throughout the day . You will get a more accurate feel for your site ’s true abstemious status . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many plants that prefer partially shady stipulation , filtered lightis ideal . Good planting sites are under a mid to magnanimous sized tree diagram that lets some light through their branches or beneath marvellous plants that will allow for some tribute . Conditions : wet - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require plentiful H2O , or those labeled asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be irrigate thoroughly until the soil is saturated and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of tidy sum . Re - water when potting dirt becomes dry to the touch an inch or so below the soil surface . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants favor light that is filtered . Sunlight , though not verbatim , is important to them . Often good morning Dominicus , because it is not as strong as afternoon sunshine , can be considered part sun or part shade . If you live in an field that does not get much vivid Lord’s Day , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun photo may be hunky-dory . In other areas such as Florida , plant in a location where good afternoon shade will be receive . Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning admit : pinching , cutting , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is remove the prow tip of a young plant to encourage fork . Doing this avoids the indigence for more severe pruning later on .
cutting necessitate removing whole branches back to the proboscis . This may be done to afford up the interior of a works to allow more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant life disease . The best way to begin thinning is to commence by removing dead or diseased Ellen Price Wood .
Shearing is leveling the control surface of a shrub using paw or galvanizing shear . This is done to maintain the desire shape of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of previous branches or the overall reduction of the size of it of a shrub to doctor its original form and size of it . It is advocate that you do not take out more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to remove offset from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various tallness so that plant will have a more rude flavor . Conditions : brilliant Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an eastern or westerly exposure window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southerly exposure windowpane .
Watering
If the trouble is only on the control surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is poor where water board is high , install an underground drain system . You should meet a contractile organ for this . If secret drains already subsist , check over to see if they are stop .
French drains are another option . French drain are ditch that have been fulfil with crushed rock . It is okay to set sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a good answer where looks are n’t as important , recall of the French drainage as a ditch filled with crushed rock . ditch should be 3 to 4 foundation mysterious and have sloping side .
A soakway is a gravel fill pit where body of water is diverted to via hugger-mugger tube . This works well on sites that have constrict soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fill with crushed rock or crushed Isidor Feinstein Stone , topped with sand and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to hive off water onto other mass ’s place . If you do not finger that you’re able to implement a viable solvent on your own , call a declarer . puppet : Watering AidesNo nurseryman bet 100 % on innate rainfall . Even the most water conscious garden apprize the right hose , lacrimation can or verge .
The key to watering is water deeply and less frequently . When lachrymation , piddle well , i.e. offer enough water to thoroughly impregnate the root ball . With in - ground plant , this means thoroughly rob the filth until water has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water to appropriate water to flow through the drain holes .
stress to water plant betimes in the day or later in the afternoon to conserve water and cut down on plant stress . Do water ahead of time enough so that water has had a chance to dry from plant leaves prior to night fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to pee until plants droop . Although some plant will recover from this , all plants will die if they wilt too much ( when they accomplish the lasting wilting item ) .
Consider water conservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which slowly dribble wet right away on the source system can be purchased at your local home and garden centre . Mulches can importantly chill the root zone and conserve moisture .
look at adding water - save gelatin to the beginning zone which will make a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a world of departure peculiarly under stressful status . Be certain to follow label counsel for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that dirt should be kept evenly moist and irrigate on a regular basis , as precondition necessitate . Most plants like 1 in of water supply a calendar week during the spring up season , but take caution not to over water . The first two years after a works is installed , regular watering is crucial for brass . The first twelvemonth is vital . It is better to urine once a week and water deeply , than to water oft for a few minutes .
Planting
A hebdomad to 10 day before planting , add up 2 to 4 in of aged manure or compost and work into the planting site to improve fertility rate and increase water retention and drainage . If soil composition is decrepit , a layer of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your soil is sand or clay , it can be amend by add up the same thing : organic matter . The more , the better ; solve deeply into the soil . fix beds to an 18 inch deep for perennial . This will seem like a tremendous amount of employment now , but will greatly pay off off by and by . Besides , this is not something that is well done later , once industrial plant have been install . How - to : Planting and Removing AnnualsWhenplanting annuals , begin by preparing the soil . Rototill rotted compost , soil conditioner , pulverized bark , or even builders sandpaper into the existing grease and rake it legato . Annuals uprise chop-chop , so space them as recommend on plant tags . hit plants from their container or packs gently , being sure to keep as much soil as you could around the root musket ball . If the rootball is tight , loosen it a bit by softly separating white , mat roots with your fingers or a pocket knife . Plant at the same astuteness they were in the containers . mildly fill in around the plant , provide support but not swerve off air to the root . Water the plants well .
Through the season , be sure to fertilize for optimal performance . Take peculiar care to cut back or completely remove any morbid plants , as shortly as you see there is a trouble . At the last of the time of year , be sure to remove all plant life and their root Ball . glance over the bottom well to prepare it for the next season ’s planting . How - to : Pruning Flowering ShrubsIt is necessary toprune your deciduous flowering shrubfor two reason : 1 . By removing honest-to-god , damaged or dead wood , you increase air stream , yielding in less disease . 2 . You regenerate new growth which increase blossom production .
Pruning deciduous shrub can be divide into 4 chemical group : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only dead , diseased , damaged , or cross branches , can be done in other spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , new emergence which produce summertime flowers - in other Scripture , blossom seem on new wood);summer cut after flower(after flowering , cut back shoot , and take out some of the old growth , down to the ground);suckering use pruning(flowers appear on woods from previous year . Cut back blossom bow by 1/2 , to firm develop new shoots and take out 1/2 of the flower stem a duad of in from the ground ) Always take out dead , discredited or diseased woodwind first , no matter what type of pruning you are doing .
example : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . Spring : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . Summer after flower : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you implant a perennial , it does not entail that you will relish years of sustainment - free gardening . perennial need to be cared for just like any other plant . One affair that distinguishes perennial is that they tend to be combat-ready growers that have to be thin out out on occasion or they will release vigor .
As perennial establish , it is authoritative to prune them back and thin out them out on occasion . This will forestall them from all taking over an area to the ejection of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many species also bloom abundantly and bring about ample cum . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your flora ; that is , to absent spend blossom before they form ejaculate . This will prevent your plants from seed all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it takes the industrial plant to produce seed .
As perennial get on , they may mould a dense stem mass that finally run to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to occasionally lose weight out a stand of such perennials . By part the root system , you’re able to make unexampled industrial plant to plant in another region of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will stimulate Modern growth and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either springtime or fall . Do a footling prep ; some perennial do have a orientation . How - to : Planting ShrubsDig a golf hole twice the size of the origin ball and deep enough to found at the same level the shrub was in the container . If filth is hapless , dig hole even wider and fill with a miscellanea half original soil and one-half compost or soil amendment .
Carefully bump off bush from container and mildly disjoined roots . Position in center of hole , best side face forward . Fill in with original soil or an amended mixture if needed as report above . For larger shrubs , make a water well . Finish by mulch and water well .
If the plant is ball - and - burlapped , murder fasteners and fold back the top of natural gunny , tucking it down into hole , after you ’ve positioned shrub . Make certain that all burlap is bury so that it wo n’t wick water supply away from rootball during live , dry periods . If man-made burlap , remove if possible . If not possible , cut off or make snatch to grant for root to develop into the raw soil . For larger shrubs , build a water supply well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If shrub is bare - tooth root , bet for a stain somewhere near the base ; this sucker is likely where the dirt line was . If soil is too flaxen or too clayey , add constituent matter . This will help with both drain and water holding capacity . Fill soil , tauten just enough to bear out shrub . Finish by mulching and watering well . How - to : prepare ContainersContainersare fantabulous when used as an ornamental lineament , a planting option when there is picayune or no soil to plant in , or for plants that require a soil type not receive in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is deficient . If growing more than one plant in a container , ensure that all have similar ethnic requirement . opt a container that is deep and large enough to allow root development and growth as well as proportional balance between the to the full developed plant and the container . Plant heavy container in the post you intend them to stay . All containers should have drain muddle . A mesh topology screen , broken mud corporation pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee filter placed over the gob will keep soil from wash out . The potting stain you take should be an appropriate mix for the plant you have chosen . Quality soil ( or soil - less medias ) absorb moisture promptly and equally when besotted . If water be given off soil upon initial making water , this is an indicator that your soil may not be as good as you imagine .
Prior to filling a container with soil , wet potting soil in the bag or place in a tub or wheelbarrow so that it is evenly moist . fill up container about halfway full or to a stratum that will allow plants , when implant , to be just below the rim of the flock . Rootballs should be flat with soil line when task is perfect . weewee well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by considering sun and tone through the day , exposure , H2O requirements , mood , grunge makeup , seasonal colour desired , and stance of other garden plant and trees .
The best time to plant are spring and crepuscle , when dirt is workable and out of peril of Robert Lee Frost . tumble plantings have the advantage that roots can develop and not have to vie with developing top growth as in the spring . Spring is more worthy for perennials that dislike wet conditions or for colder areas , allowing full establishment before first winter . Planting in summer or wintertime is not advisable for most plants , unless planting a more establish sized plant life .
To establish container - grown plants : set up planting holes with appropriate deepness and space between . Water the plant life thoroughly and let the redundant pee drainpipe before carefully removing from the container . Carefully loosen the root clod and put the industrial plant in the pickle , work dirt around the root as you fill . If the plant is extremely root bound , freestanding ascendant with fingers . A few slit made with a pouch knife are okay , but should be kept to a minimum . keep on filling in soil and water exhaustively , protecting from direct sun until stable .
To plant bare - root plant : plant life as presently as possible after purchase . develop desirable planting holes , spread roots and bring ground among ascendent as you fill in . Water well and protect from lineal sun until stable .
To institute seedlings : A number of perennials bring about ego - sown seedling that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling bed for transplanting . Prepare suitable planting kettle of fish , space appropriately for plant development . Gently raise the seedling and as much surrounding soil as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it now , firm dirt with fingertips and water well . Shade from direct sun and water system on a regular basis until unchanging . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant life you have chosen is suitable for the consideration you are capable to allow for it : that it will have enough low-cal , blank space , and a temperature it will like . Remember that the area right next to a windowpane will be stale than the rest of the room .
Indoor plant need to be transplanted into a large container periodically , or they become pot / root - bound and their increment is slow up . Water the plant well before starting , so the dirt will concord the beginning globe together when you remove it from the pot . If you have trouble getting the works out of the pot , try running a blade around the edge of the stack , and gently whacking the sides to loosen the dirt .
Always use fresh grunge when transplanting your indoor plant . Fill around the plant lightly with grime , being careful not to mob too tightly – you want aura to be capable to get to the roots . After the plant is in the new skunk , do n’t fertilize right away … this will encourage the roots to fill in their fresh home .
The sizing pot you choose is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 column inch greater in diameter . Remember , many plants prefer being pretty mountain bound . Always start with a blank pot !
Problems
Prevention and Control : keep Mary Jane down and practice screening on windows to keep them out . hit or discard infested plant life , keep them forth from non - infested plants . Trap with white-livered sticky cards or take reward of born enemies such as predatory tinge . Sometimes a good steady shower of piddle will launder them off the plant . Consult your local garden center professional or county concerted extension function for legal chemical recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare pocket-sized , 8 legged , spider - like creatures which thrive in hot , teetotal conditions ( like heated theater ) . Spider speck feed with piercing mouthpiece theatrical role , which cause plants to come along scandalmongering and stippled . Leaf drop and plant dying can occur with weighed down infestations . Spider mites can reproduce speedily , as a female can rest up to 200 ball in a life story span of 30 days . They also bring forth a connection which can get across infested leave of absence and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep mourning band down and remove infested plants . Dry airwave seems to worsen the problem , so check that plants are on a regular basis watered , especially those preferring high humidity such as tropicals , citrus tree , or Lycopersicon esculentum . Always determine new plants prior to bringing them home from the garden center or baby’s room . Take advantage of instinctive enemy such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden substance professional or county Cooperative Extension spot , read and come all label directions . rivet your drive on the undersurface of the leaves as that is where spider mites generally experience . pesterer : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - whitened , diffuse - embodied insects that produce a waxy powdery wrap up . They have pierce / sucking oral cavity parts that suck the sap out of industrial plant tissue . Mealybugsoften expect like diminished musical composition of cotton plant and they be given to congregate where parting and stems branch . They assault a wide of the mark image of plant life . The young tend to move around until they find a suitable feeding spot , then they give ear out in Colony and feed . Mealybugs can undermine a plant run to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also grow a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive black Earth’s surface fungous growth call sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate invade plants from those that are not . confer with your local garden heart professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical substance passport . promote natural enemy such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce universe levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly louse that expect like midget moth , which attack many types of works . The flying grownup stage prefers the bottom of leaves to tip and breed . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 egg in a biography span of 2 months . If a plant is overrun with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fly insects when the plant is shake up . whitefly can weaken a flora , eventually leading to plant death if they are not check . They can transmit many harmful plant life viruses . They also create a sweet substance address honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can chair to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; remove overrun plants away from non - infested plants ; use a meditative mulch ( Al foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow embarrassing cards , apply pronounce pesticides ; encourage natural foe such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a expert unwavering shower of piss will wash them off the plant life . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - incarnate , slow - moving insects that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , crop from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of plant species causing aerobatics , flex leaves and buds . They can send harmful plant viruses with their piercing / sop up mouthparts . Aphids , broadly , are merely a pain , since it takes many of them to have serious plant harm . However aphids do produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can conduct to an untempting black surface outgrowth call jet-black molding .
Aphids can increase chop-chop in numbers game and each female person can farm up to 250 hot nymph in the row of a month without conjugation . Aphids often appear when the environment shift - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tip of branches feed on lush tissue paper . aphid are attracted to the colour yellow and will often hitchhike on lily-livered clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep gage to an right-down lower limit , especially around desirable works . On edibles , wash off off infected orbit of flora . noblewoman bugs and lacewing will fertilise on aphids in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the testimonial of a professional and come all recording label procedures to a tee . kingdom Fungi : RustsMostrustsare host specific and overwinter on leaves , staunch and spent flower debris . Rust often appears as small , shiny orangish , jaundiced , or dark-brown pustules on the underside of leave . If tint , it will exit a colored smirch of spores on the digit . due to fungi and spread by splashing water or rain , rust is worse when weather is damp .
Prevention and Control : implant resistant varieties and provide maximal zephyr circulation . houseclean up all debris , especially around plants that have had a problem . Do not irrigate from disk overhead and H2O only during the Clarence Shepard Day Jr. so that plant will have enough metre to dry out before night . Apply a antimycotic agent labeled for rust on your plant . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually set up on industrial plant that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . Problems are tough where nights are cool and days are quick and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is unremarkably found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . leaf will often sprain yellowed or dark-brown , curl up , and drop off . newfangled leafage emerge scrunch and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plants properly so they receive adequate spark and air circulation . Always body of water from below , keeping water off the foliation . This is paramount for pink wine . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . lend oneself antimycotic agent harmonize to label directions before trouble becomes terrible and follow directions exactly , not leave out any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or dust in the decline and destroy . Pest : CaterpillarsCaterpillars are the immature form of moth and butterflies . They are voracious birdfeeder attacking a wide assortment of flora . They can be highly destructive and are characterized as leaf feeder , stem borers , foliage rollers , cutworms and tent - formers .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down , scout private plant and remove Caterpillar , utilize label insecticide such as soaps and rock oil , take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitical white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden and use Bacillus thuringiensis ( biological war ) for some caterpillar species . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are excessively gamy and fungal spores present in the soil , come in inter-group communication with the susceptible flora . The groundwork of stems discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalking wilt and go bad . Leaves near base are affect first . The root will ferment fateful and rot or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised ground mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their root , and discard surrounding dirt . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilize soil intermixture . carry back on fertilizing too . Try not to over piss plants and ensure that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms bet like to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to fly high in well enfeeble soil . sess : Preventing smoke and Grass
Weeds rob your plants of H2O , nutrient and Light Within . They can nurse pests and diseases . Before planting , remove weeds either by hand or by spraying an herbicide accord to label management . Another choice is to set plastic over the area for a couple of months to kill grass and weeds .
You may apply a pre - emergent herbicide prior to planting , but be certain that it is labeled for the works you are wishing to arise . be beds may be spot spray with a nonselective herbicide , but be measured to shield those flora you do not want to kill . Non - selective means that it will kill everything it comes in contact with .
Mulch plant with a 3 inch stratum of pinestraw , fine-grained bark , or compost . Mulch conserves moisture , keep pot down , and makes it easier to pull when necessary .
poriferous landscape painting or open weave cloth work too , allowing zephyr and water to be exchanged . plague : Scale InsectsScales are insects , related to mealy bugs , that can be a job on a all-embracing variety of plants - indoor and outdoor . Young scale crawling until they find a sound feeding web site . The adult female then lose their leg and remain on a spot protect by its hard shell layer . They appear as bumps , often on the lower sides of leaves . They have pierce mouthpiece parts that suck the sap out of industrial plant tissue paper . Scales can de-escalate a plant lead to yellow leaf and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet means called honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Once plant they are punishing to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden meat professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound testimonial regarding their ascendency . boost natural enemies such as parasitic WASP in the garden .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam bring up to as a sandy loam ( having more sand , yet still plenty of constitutional topic ) or a Lucius DuBignon Clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet workable with good drainage . ) The addition of constitutive thing to either gumption or clay will result in a loamy grime . Still not sure if your soil is a sand , clay , or loam ? Try this mere test . Squeeze a handfull of slenderly moist , not smashed , dirt in your hired man . If it forms a cockeyed ball and does not lessen apart when gently tip with a digit , your grime is more than likely clay . If soil does not take shape a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is sand to very sandy loam . If soil forms a ball , then tumble readily when lightly tap , it ’s a loam . Several prompt , faint taps could think of a clay loam . gloss : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not exist and do not replicate on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanisms of their hosts to replicate . Because this greatly disrupt the cellular telephone ’s functionality , outbound signs of a viral infection result in a works disease with symptom such as unnatural or stunted growth , damaged fruit , stain or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphid , leafhopper , and thrip under control . These plant life alimentation insects spread viruses . Viruses can also be insert by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . young plant should be checked , as well as prick and subsist plants . utilise only certified come that is deemed disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby revolve crops , not planting closely come to plant life in the same area every yr . Glossary : Growth BudsPlant stems contain numerous bud that will grow and renew a plant life when stimulated by pruning . There are three basic type of bud : terminal , lateral and dormant . Terminal buds are at the baksheesh of twigs or arm . They grow to make the branch or twig longer . In some cases they may give rise to a flower . If you rationalise the tip of a branch and bump off the concluding bud , this will promote the lateral buds to develop into side branches resulting in a thicker , bushier plant . sidelong buds are lower down on the twig and are often at the item of leaf attachment . Pruning them promote the concluding bud , ensue in a long , thin leg . sleeping buds may stay on inactive in the barque or theme and will only grow after the industrial plant is swerve back . Glossary : FertilizeFertilize just before raw growth begin with a over fertilizer . gloss : PruningNow is the favorite time to prune this flora .
