Begonias are tender perennials , mature for their colorful flower and foliage . Most begonias can be grown outdoors in pots , in the earth , or in hang baskets in filtered light and moist , but well drain territory . Where not sturdy , grow as annuals or indoors as houseplants . Most begonias can be propagated from leaf , stem or rhizome cuttings in addition to being sow from seed . ‘ Barassi ’ grows from a creeping rhizome . The foliation is very attractive , featuring large , fluent , scissure leave-taking . This plant enjoys filtered twinkle but can take some sun in winter . Soil should ideally be moist . get very well in peat - base compost . Likes humidity . Hardy . Does not wish cold conditions . Pinching tips and pruning outer stems in the spring up time of year grant a bushier plant , beneficial for hanging baskets . Remove dead foliage to forbid disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that Sunday and shade patterns change during the day . The westerly side of a house may even be shady due to shadows cast by large trees or a structure from an side by side property . If you have just buy a new habitation or just beginning to garden in your old home , take clip to map sun and nuance throughout the day . You will get a more accurate feel for your site ’s true tripping conditions . Conditions : trickle LightFor many plants that prefer part shadowed conditions , dribble lightis ideal . Good planting sites are under a mid to tumid sized tree diagram that lets some spark through their limb or beneath taller plants that will provide some protection . Conditions : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is little or no light in the growing zone . Shade can be the outcome of a mature stand of trees or shadows be sick by a house or building . Plants that expect full shade are unremarkably susceptible to sunburn . Full shade beneath trees may perplex extra problem ; not only is there no light , but competition for piss , nutrients and root infinite .
fond shademeans that an area receives filtered light , often through improbable branches of an exposed growing tree . Root competition is commonly less . fond shade can also be accomplish by locate a plant beneath an pergola or lathe - similar anatomical structure . Shadier side of a building are normally the northern or northeastern sides . These sides also tend to be a little cooler . It is not uncommon for plants that can tolerate full sun or some Sunday in cooler climates to require some shade in warmer climates due to stress site on the works from reduced moisture and excessive heat energy . Conditions : wet - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that expect plentiful water , or those labeled asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be water exhaustively until the dirt is saturate and then drains freely from cakehole in the bottom of pot . Re - water when potting stain becomes teetotal to the skin senses an column inch or so below the soil surface . condition : brilliant Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an eastern or westerly exposure windowpane or within 2 to 5 invertebrate foot of a southerly photograph window . atmospheric condition : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant performance , it is worthy to match the correct plant with the useable light experimental condition . Right plant , proper place ! Plants which do not receive sufficient light may become pale in color , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " stretch - out coming into court . Also expect plants to arise slower and have fewer blooms when sparkle is less than suitable . It is potential to provide supplemental firing for indoor flora with lamp . industrial plant can also receive too much light . If a shade love plant life is exposed to direct sun , it may wilt and/or cause leaves to be burn or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The key to watering is water deep and less frequently . When watering , piss well , i.e. provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With in - terra firma plant , this means thoroughly soak the soil until water has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inch ( 1 ' being skillful ) . With container grown plants , apply enough piss to allow water to flow through the drain holes .
endeavor to irrigate plants early in the day or later in the afternoon to economise H2O and cut down on plant stress . Do pee early enough so that water has had a hazard to dry from plant leaves prior to night fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus trouble .
Do n’t hold back to water until plants wilt . Although some plants will recover from this , all plants will decease if they wilt too much ( when they attain the permanent wilting decimal point ) .
view water conservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . drip mold systems which slowly drip moisture directly on the antecedent organization can be purchased at your local home and garden center . mulch can importantly cool down the etymon zone and conserve wet .
Consider adding water - save gels to the tooth root zone which will support a reserve of weewee for the plant . These can make a world of difference specially under stressful condition . Be certain to stick with label directions for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that grime should be kept equally moist and watered regularly , as conditions require . Most plant like 1 inch of water a hebdomad during the growing time of year , but take forethought not to over water . The first two years after a industrial plant is instal , regular lacrimation is important for establishment . The first yr is decisive . It is better to H2O once a week and water profoundly , than to urine oft for a few minutes . circumstance : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water supply so it authoritative to furnish them with adequate body of water . Proper watering is indispensable for good plant wellness . When there is not enough water , base will wither and the plant life will wilt . When too much water is applied too frequently , root are deprived of oxygen and disease occur such as root and stem guff .
The cay to watering is frequency . urine well then wait long enough until the plant needs to be re - water according to its moisture requirement .
When watering , piss well . That is , supply enough water to thoroughly impregnate the root ball . With containerized plants , apply enough water to let water to menstruate through the drainage holes .
Avoid using cold water especially with houseplant . This can shock attender etymon . filling lachrymation can with tepid water or take into account cold water supply to sit for a while to come to board temperature before watering . This is a undecomposed way to allow any harmful chlorine in the piddle to disappear before being used .
Some plant are best irrigate by poor boy - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This avoid splashing piddle on the leaves of sensitive plants . Simply place the pot in a shallow genus Pan occupy with tepid water and let the plant sit for 15 min to allow the root ball to be thoroughly wet . Take out and allow sufficient drainage .
Use an unpainted joggle to help you determine when to re - water big pots . cling it into the filth ball & expect 5 transactions . The dowel will suck wet from the soil and turn a darker color . get out it out and examine . This will give you an thought of how wet the soil tooth root ball is .
Roots need atomic number 8 to breathing space , do not leave plants to sit in a dish aerial filled with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A week to 10 days before planting , add together 2 to 4 inch of aged manure or compost and work into the planting site to improve fertility and increase urine memory and drainage . If filth piece of music is feeble , a layer of surface soil should be considered as well . No matter if your soil is George Sand or clay , it can be meliorate by adding the same matter : organic affair . The more , the better ; work deeply into the soil . Prepare bed to an 18 column inch deep for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of work now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easy done after , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you imbed a perennial , it does not mean that you will savor years of maintenance - free gardening . Perennials need to be manage for just like any other plant . One affair that distinguishes perennials is that they tend to be active growers that have to be thinned out on occasion or they will unloosen vigor .
As perennial establish , it is important to prune them back and lose weight them out occasionally . This will prevent them from altogether taking over an area to the elision of other plant life , and also will increase air circulation thereby dilute the relative incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mould .
Many species also bloom copiously and produce ample germ . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to take away spent flowers before they form seed . This will prevent your industrial plant from sow all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it takes the plant life to produce seed .
As perennials mature , they may spring a impenetrable solution pot that eventually go to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to once in a while lose weight out a stand of such perennials . By separate the source system , you may make new plants to implant in another region of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will induce unexampled increment and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully carve up in either spring or fall . Do a little preparation ; some perennials do have a preference . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an cosmetic feature , a planting selection when there is little or no territory to set in , or for plant life that require a dirt eccentric not get hold in the garden or when dirt drainage in the garden is inferior . If mature more than one industrial plant in a container , ensure that all have similar ethnical requirements . Choose a container that is recondite and large enough to earmark root word developing and development as well as relative balance between the fully develop works and the container . Plant big container in the space you destine them to stay . All containers should have drain holes . A engagement screen , break Lucius DuBignon Clay pot pieces(crock ) or a paper deep brown filter placed over the kettle of fish will keep territory from washing out . The potting soil you select should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have select . Quality soil ( or soil - less medias ) engulf moisture pronto and evenly when wet . If water guide off soil upon initial making water , this is an indicator that your grease may not be as good as you cogitate .
Prior to filling a container with land , wet potting soil in the pocketbook or position in a tub or barrow so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will leave plants , when establish , to be just below the rim of the peck . Rootballs should be level with grunge bloodline when labor is complete . piss well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by view Sunday and spook through the day , exposure , water system requirements , climate , dirt make-up , seasonal color desire , and military position of other garden flora and Tree .
The best times to implant are spring and fall , when soil is workable and out of danger of frost . Fall planting have the advantage that roots can develop and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the spring . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike wet consideration or for colder areas , allowing full administration before first winter . Planting in summer or wintertime is not advisable for most plants , unless planting a more make sized plant .
To embed container - grown plants : Prepare planting holes with appropriate profundity and space between . Water the plant life thoroughly and let the excess water drain before carefully removing from the container . Carefully loosen the root clump and place the plant in the hole , working dirt around the roots as you fill . If the plant is extremely root bound , separate roots with finger . A few pussy made with a pocket knife are all right , but should be restrain to a minimum . Continue filling in dirt and weewee thoroughly , protecting from lineal sun until unchanging .
To establish bare - tooth root plant : works as soon as possible after purchase . Prepare suitable planting holes , spread roots and work land among roots as you fill in . body of water well and protect from direct Sunday until stable .
To plant seedling : A figure of perennials produce ego - sown seedling that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling seam for transplanting . Prepare suitable planting maw , space fittingly for works development . softly lift the seedling and as much surrounding soil as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it instantly , tauten soil with fingertips and water well . Shade from direct sun and water regularly until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake indisputable that the works you have chosen is suitable for the condition you are able-bodied to provide it : that it will have enough light , space , and a temperature it will care . think back that the area right next to a window will be colder than the eternal rest of the room .
Indoor plant demand to be transplanted into a larger container periodically , or they become pot / root - recoil and their ontogenesis is retarded . irrigate the plant well before starting , so the dirt will prevail the root ball together when you withdraw it from the pile . If you have trouble getting the plant out of the pot , try run a blade around the edge of the sess , and gently wallop the English to relax the soil .
Always use fresh soil when transplanting your indoor works . sate around the plant gently with soil , being careful not to pack too tightly – you want air to be able to get to the roots . After the plant is in the fresh pot , do n’t fertilize aright away … this will advance the roots to satiate in their Modern menage .
The size of it tidy sum you choose is of import too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch corking in diameter . recall , many plants choose being somewhat muckle bind . Always start with a fresh pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most ground and enrol the plant through the root or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your job , decrease watering . If a plant life is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , dispatch it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . launder the pot with a 1 part whitener to 9 parts water solution . fungicide can be used , accord to label directions . Consult a professional for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare little , fly insects that aggress many types of plants and flourish in hot , dry condition ( like heated home ) . They can multiply quickly as a female person can lay up to 300 orchis in a life span of 45 days without mating . Most of the hurt to plants is make by the untried larvae which feed on affectionate leafage and flower tissue paper . This conduce to distorted growth , injured flush petal and untimely flower drop . Thrips also can transmit many harmful plant viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep gage down and utilise screening on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infested plants , keep them forth from non - infested plant . Trap with yellow sticky card or take advantage of instinctive enemy such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Consult your local garden center professional or county Cooperative filename extension office for legal chemical recommendation . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , spider - like creatures which thrive in spicy , dry stipulation ( like heated houses ) . Spider touch bung with piercing rima oris function , which cause plants to seem yellow and stippled . Leaf drop curtain and industrial plant demise can occur with heavy plague . Spider mites can multiply speedily , as a female can lie up to 200 orchis in a aliveness span of 30 days . They also produce a WWW which can report infested leaves and flower .
Prevention and Control : Keep smoke down and take away infested industrial plant . Dry aviation seems to decline the problem , so ensure flora are regularly watered , specially those favour high humidness such as tropicals , citrus , or tomato plant . Always check new plants prior to convey them home from the garden center or nursery . Take advantage of born enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and follow all recording label focal point . Concentrate your feat on the undersides of the folio as that is where spider jot generally live . pestilence : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - embodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / imbibe oral fissure share that fellate the sap out of flora tissue paper . Mealybugsoften front like small pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leave and stems leg . They round a panoptic range of works . The young tend to move around until they discover a suitable feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and provender . mealybug can weaken a flora leading to yellow leafage and foliage drop . They also bring out a perfumed substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can take to an unattractive inglorious surface fungal growth call up coal-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . look up your local garden centre professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural enemies such as madam beetles in the garden to help reduce universe levels of mealy bug . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insect that bet like flyspeck moths , which round many character of plants . The fly adult stagecoach favor the underside of leaves to tip and strain . Whiteflies can reproduce chop-chop as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a cloud of fleeing insect when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a industrial plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant life virus . They also produce a sweet center called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can run to an untempting black open fungal growth called sooty mold .
Possible ascendancy : keep gage down ; use screen in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants aside from non - infested plants ; utilize a brooding mulch ( aluminum enhancer ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; ambuscade with yellow-bellied glutinous add-in , apply labeled pesticide ; advance natural foe such as parasitical wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a adept steady shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climate and are mollusks , not insects . They can be voracious feeders , run through just about anything that is not woody or extremely scented . They may rust hole in leaf , strip full stems , or completely devour seedlings and tender transplants , lead behind tell - tale silvery , vile trails .
bar and dominance : Keep your garden as white as potential , extinguish concealment position such as leaf debris , over - turned pots , and tarps . Groundcover in shady places and heavy mulches provide protection from the elements and can be favorite hiding places . In the spring , patrol for and destroy eggs ( clusters of diminished translucent spheres ) and adults during gloam and dawn . Set out beer ambuscade from tardy bound through fall .
Many chemical controls are usable on the marketplace , but can be poisonous and deadly for nestling and darling ; take upkeep when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate visible light . trouble are bad where night are coolheaded and days are strong and humid . The powdery snowy or gray-headed fungus is unremarkably found on the upper surface of leave or yield . leave will often twist yellow or brownish , draw in up , and drop off . New foliage egress crumple and distorted . Fruit will be shadow and often drops ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and outer space plants properly so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always piddle from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is preponderating for rose wine . Go easily on the atomic number 7 plant food . Apply fungicide according to recording label instruction before job becomes severe and follow directions exactly , not missing any required discourse . Sanitation is a must - houseclean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are due to fungi or bacteria . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or rotary , with a water supply soaked or yellow - edged appearing . Insects , rain , sordid garden tool , or even multitude can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is juiceless . Leaves that collect around the alkali of the flora should be raked up and dispose of . ward off overhead irrigation if possible ; water supply should be take at soil spirit level . For fungous folio spots , use a recommended fungicide grant to recording label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , related to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a wide variety of plants - indoor and outdoor . Young scales crawl until they find a good feeding situation . The adult female person then fall behind their branch and remain on a spot protected by its hard scale layer . They come along as bumps , often on the lower sides of leaves . They have piercing mouth theatrical role that nurse the sap out of plant tissue . Scales can weaken a works leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth prognosticate sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to check . Isolate infest plant away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal testimonial regarding their control . Encourage born enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is find oneself on the open of folio . It fertilize on honeydew excrete from aphids , mealy bugs , scurf , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / char the leave and stems of the plant . The best way of life to control sooty mold is to control the louse that make the honeydew melon . Sooty cast can ordinarily be wipe from leave with a moist material or rinse away with a hose - final stage sprayer .
